Do we even need fluoride for our teeth? There is no evidence that fluoride is good for the teeth. Only many claims.
WATER FLUORIDATION & THE QUALITY OF EVIDENCE PROBLEM
“As far as the York team were able to determine, there are no randomized controlled trials for water fluoridation. It’s not that they couldn’t have been done. Of course they could have been done. But there are none.”
https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2638677459687501
Is fluoride even good for the bones? No. It causes skeletal fluorosis, which is weak bones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_fluorosis
“Skeletal fluorosis is a bone disease caused by excessive accumulation of fluoride leading to weakened bones.”
The average American has a fluoride level in their bodies just under the level that would lead to the beginning of skeletal fluorosis. Of course 66% of Americans do not have arthritis. But about 33% do. Arthritis hits harder the older you are, and of course, fluoride has a 20 year half life in the body, and thus, accumulates more with age.
High Fluoride is found with High copper (and lead) in pipes:
High levels of fluoride, copper, and lead detected in water for hundreds of Sandy residents, city says
The CDC admits that fluoride binds to copper in pipes, by providing the solution to the problem: fluorosilicates, rather than sodium fluoride.
https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/engineering/corrosion.htm
“The most common forms of fluoride for approximately 92% of the drinking water that is fluoridated are fluorosilicates, as either fluorosilicic acid or sodium fluorosilicate. Using fluorosilicates to fluoridate drinking water adds silica, a corrosion inhibitor, to the water and increases the silicates available for stabilizing the pipe surface, which contributes to reduced corrosion.”
Fluoride binds to copper:
There is a copper/fluoride molecule. It is water-soluble.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper(II)_fluoride
The Stability of Metal Halide Complexes in Aqueous Solution (Nickel, Copper, and Zinc) (1956)
http://actachemscand.org/pdf/acta_vol_10_p0727-0734.pdf
They appeared to conclude that the copper fluoride and zinc fluoride bond is ten times as strong as the copper chloride and zinc chloride bonds, page 7, second to the last paragraph.
Copper(II)_fluoride may bind with phosphorous, making it even more stable:
“Typically, CuF(PPh3)3 2MeOH appears to be stable up to 118 C and loses 2 MeOH and 3 PPh3 between 118 and 274 C yielding volatile CuF at 274 C.”